РОССИЙСКОЕ УГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО

Aghayev I.B.
Russian Criminal law.
Учебник.
Лейпциг: «Издательство Лейпцигского Университета», 2017.
875 страниц. 76 печ.л.

Уголовное право — самостоятельная отрасль Российского права, регулирующая общественные отношения, связанные с совершением преступных деяний, назначением наказания и применением иных мер уголовно-правового характера, устанавливающая основания привлечения к уголовной ответственности либо освобождения от уголовной ответственности и наказания. Кроме того, под Российским уголовным правом может пониматься раздел правовой науки, изучающий данную правовую отрасль, а также учебная дисциплина, в рамках которой изучаются как правовые нормы, так и общетеоретические положения.

Предлагаемый учебник уголовного права является большим вкладом в правовую науку России, поскольку он является первой книгой по уголовному праву России, написанной на английском языке в истории правовой науки. Рассматриваемая работа содержит в себе четко систематизированное изложение вопросов Общей и Особенной частей Российского уголовного права. Книга рецензирована известными Российскими учеными в сфере уголовного права — проф. А.И. Рарогым и проф. В.С. Комиссаровым.

Основная цель издания этой книги состоит в освещении научно-теоретических основ Российского уголовного права на международном уровне, а именно, в выведении Российского уголовного законодательства и высказываний известных Российских и Советских ученых, внесших весомый вклад в развитие уголовно-правовой науки России, в глобальный масштаб. При ее подготовке было проработано большое количество научной, учебной, юридической литературы, постановлений Пленумов Верховного и Конституционного Судов Российской Федерации, законов Российской Федерации и других нормативно-правовых актов.

Российское уголовное право имеет длительную историю, изучение которой является необходимым для понимания его современного состояния и определения перспектив его дальнейшего совершенствования.

Первыми источниками русского уголовного права принято считать тексты договоров Древней Руси с Византией 907, 911, 944 годов. В этот период основой для писаного права служили правовые обычаи. Преступления в этот период не считались опасными для общества в целом, они рассматривались как посягательство на личные интересы, что выражалось в установлении имущественной компенсации ущерба и возможности применения наказаний, основанных на принципе талиона.

Интенсивное реформирование Российского уголовного законодательства направлено на его либерализацию, обеспечение дифференцированного подхода к уголовной ответственности лиц, виновных в совершении преступлений, различающихся характером и степенью их общественной опасности, а также на достижение большего соответствия норм российского уголовного права международно-правовым стандартам.

Книга предназначена в первую очередь для специалистов в области уголовного права и изучающих эту область. Но она может оказаться полезной для широкого круга юристов, политиков и всех лиц, так или иначе интересующихся проблемами борьбы с преступностью. Предлагаемая работа представляет собой результат 21-летней научно-педагогической деятельности автора в области уголовного права.

Автор надеется, что настоящее издание вызовет большой интерес в мировой правовой науке.

CONTENTS

PREFACE — 23

THE GENERAL PART

I TITLE
CONTENTS AND FORMS OF MANIFESTATION OF PENAL REGULATION

CHAPTER 1
SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW —  33

§ 1. The concept of Criminal Law, its subject, method and system — 33
§ 2. Objectives and functions of Criminal Law — 38
§ 3. Criminal Law principles — 40

CHAPTER 2
CRIMINAL STATUTE —  47

§ 1. The concept and peculiarities of criminal statute — 47
§ 2. Criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and its structure —  51
§ 3. Limits of application of criminal statute —  55

CHAPTER 3
THE CONCEPT AND TYPES OF CRIME —  64

§ 1. Social nature of crime —  64
§ 2. Signs of crime —  67
§ 3. Classification of crimes —  70

II TITLE
CORPUS DELICTI

CHAPTER 4
THE CONCEPT AND TYPES OF CORPUS DELICTI —  75

§ 1. The general notion of corpus delicti —  75
§ 2. Signs of corpus delicti —  77
§ 3. Classification of corpus delicti —  81
§ 4. Corpus delicti as an exclusive ground for criminal liability — 85

CHAPTER 5
OBJECT OF CRIME —  91

§ 1. The concept of object of crime —  91
§ 2. Classification of objects of crimes —  93
§ 3. The subject-matter of crime and victim of crime —  97
§ 4. Significance of the object of crime — 101

CHAPTER 6
OBJECTIVE ASPECT OF CRIME —  104

§ 1. The concept of objective aspect of crime —  104
§ 2. Socially dangerous act — 107
§ 3. Socially dangerous consequences — 112
§ 4. Causation between socially dangerous act and socially dangerous consequences — 117
§ 5. Facultative signs of the objective aspect of crime — 121
§ 6. Significance of the objective aspect of crime —  126

CHAPTER 7
SUBJECTIVE ASPECT OF CRIME  — 129

§ 1. The concept and significance of subjective aspect of crime — 129
§ 2. The concept of guilt — 131
§ 3. Form of guilt — 136
§ 4. Intention and its types —  138
§ 5. Negligence and its types —  144
§ 6. Crimes committed with two forms of guilt — 149
§ 7. Guiltless infliction of harm — 151
§ 8. Motive and purpose of crime — 153
§ 9. Emotional state of the person committing a crime — 158
§ 10. Mistake and its types — 160

CHAPTER 8
CRIME COMMITTER —  167

§ 1. The concept of crime committer —  167
§ 2. Age criterion of crime committer — 169
§ 3. Sanity — 172
§ 4. Insanity —  174
§ 5. Partial insanity — 180
§ 6. Responsibility for a crime committed while intoxicated — 183
§ 7. Special committer of crime — 187
§ 8. Crime committer and criminal’s personality — 191

III TITLE
PRELIMINARY AND JOINT CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES

CHAPTER 9
STAGES OF COMMITTING A CRIME — 195

§ 1. Preparations for a crime — 196
§ 2. Attempted crime —  198
§ 3. Completed crime — 200
§ 4. Voluntary refusal from a crime — 202

CHAPTER 10
CRIMINAL COMPLICITY — 205

§ 1. The concept and signs of criminal complicity —  205
§ 2. Forms of criminal complicity — 207
§ 3. Types of accomplices of a crime — 211
§ 4. Responsibility of accomplices of a crime. Excess of performer — 216

IV TITLE
MULTIPLE CRIMES

CHAPTER 11
THE CONCEPT OF MULTIPLE CRIMES —  221

§ 1. The concept and types of unified crime as a component of multiple crimes — 221
§ 2. Social nature and juridical signs of multiple crimes —  226

CHAPTER 12
CUMULATIVE CRIMES — 230

§ 1. The concept and signs of cumulative crimes —  230
§ 2. Real cumulation —  233
§ 3. Ideal cumulation —  235
§ 4. Competition of penal norms — 237

CHAPTER 13
RECIDIVISM OF CRIMES — 242

§ 1. The concept and signs of recidivism of crimes — 242
§ 2. Types of recidivism of crimes -246

V TITLE
EXCULPATORY CIRCUMSTANCES

CHAPTER 14
EXCULPATORY CIRCUMSTANCES -251

§ 1. Justifiable defence -252
§ 2. Infliction of bodily injury while detaining a perpetrator — 256
§ 3. Urgency — 260
§ 4. Physical or mental coercion — 262
§ 5. Justifiable risk — 263
§ 6. Execution of an order or command — 265

VI TITLE
PUNISHMENT AND ITS IMPOSITION

CHAPTER 15
THE CONCEPT AND SYSTEM OF PUNISHMENTS — 269

§ 1. Social nature and purposes of punishment — 269
§ 2. The concept of the system of punishments — 275
§ 3. Basic punishments — 279
§ 4. Supplementary punishments — 296
§ 5. Dual-action punishments — 298
§ 6. The death penalty — 306

CHAPTER 16
CONDITIONAL PUNISHMENT — 308

CHAPTER 17
IMPOSITION OF PUNISHMENT — 315

§ 1. General principles for imposing punishment — 315
§ 2. Mitigating and aggravating circumstances. Change of punishment by mitigation — 315
§ 3. Imposition of punishment for preliminary and joint criminal activities, and in other specific cases — 321
§ 4. Imposition of punishment for multiple crimes — 329

VII TITLE
EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND PUNISHMENT

CHAPTER 18
EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY — 341

§ 1. Legal grounds and procedure for exemption from criminal liability — 341
§ 2. Exemption from criminal liability in case of active repentance — 343
§ 3. Exemption from criminal liability due to reconciliation — 346
§ 4. Exemption from criminal liability concerning crimes in the sphere of economic activities — 348
§ 5. Exemption from criminal liability as a result of expiration of limitation period — 350

CHAPTER 19
EXEMPTION FROM PUNISHMENT — 352

§ 1. The concept and grounds for exemption from punishment — 352
§ 2. Exemption from punishment on parole and commutation of the remaining part of a punishment — 356
§ 3. Exemption from punishment due to changes in the situation — 360
§ 4. Exemption from punishment on medical grounds — 362
§ 5. Deferral of serving a punishment — 366
§ 6. Exemption from punishment due to expiry of limitation periods for enforcement of judgment —  371

CHAPTER 20
AMNESTY AND PARDON — 373

§ 1. Amnesty — 374
§ 2. Pardon — 376

CHAPTER 21
CONVICTION — 381

VIII TITLE
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF JUVENILES

CHAPTER 22
PECULIARITIES OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND PUNISHMENT OF JUVENILES — 387

§ 1. Grounds of criminal liability of juveniles — 387
§ 2. Punishments imposed to juveniles — 389
§ 3. Exemption of juveniles from criminal liability and punishment — 392

IX TITLE
OTHER MEASURES OF PENAL NATURE

CHAPTER 23
MEASURES OF MEDICAL ENFORCEMENT — 397

§ 1. Grounds for application and classification of measures of medical enforcement — 397
§ 2. Application features of measures of medical enforcement — 402

CHAPTER 24
CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY —  406

THE SPECIAL PART

X TITLE
THE CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIAL PART OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW

CHAPTER 25
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIAL PART OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW — 413

§ 1. The concept and subject of the Special part of Criminal Law — 413
§ 2. System of the Special part of Russian Criminal Law — 415

CHAPTER 26
FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIME QUALIFICATION — 418

§ 1. The concept of qualification of crimes — 418
§ 2. Application of corpus delicti while qualifying crimes — 424

XI TITLE
CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON

CHAPTER 27
CRIMES AGAINST HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH —  437

§ 1. The concept and types of crimes against human life and health -437
§ 2. Сrimes against human life — 439
§ 3. Сrimes against human health — 452
§ 4. Crimes endangering human life and health — 457

CHAPTER 28
CRIMES AGAINST HUMAN FREEDOM, HONOR AND DIGNITY — 464

§ 1. Crimes against personal freedom — 464
§ 2. Encroachment on human honor and dignity —  475

CHAPTER 29
CRIMES AGAINST SEXUAL INTEGRITY AND SEXUAL FREEDOM —  478

§ 1. The concept and types of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom —  478
§ 2. Encroachments on sexual integrity and sexual freedom of adults — 479
§ 3. Crimes against moral and physical health of minors and juveniles, their sexual integrity and sexual freedom — 483

CHAPTER 30
CRIMES AGAINST CONSTITUTIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF CITIZENS — 486

§ 1. General characteristics of crimes against constitutional human rights and freedoms of citizens — 486
§ 2. Crimes against political rights and freedoms — 488
§ 3. Encroachments on socio-economic rights and freedoms — 496
§ 4. Crimes against personal rights and freedoms — 501

CHAPTER 31
CRIMES AGAINST THE INTERESTS OF FAMILY AND JUVENILES — 508

§ 1. The concept of crimes against the interests of family and juveniles — 508
§ 2. Crimes contributing to antisocial activities of juveniles — 510
§ 3. Crimes connected with causing harm to juveniles or interests of family as a whole — 515

XII TITLE
ECONOMIC CRIMES

CHAPTER 32
CRIMES AGAINST OWNERSHIP — 523

§ 1. General characteristics of crimes against ownership — 523
§ 2. Stealing of other people’s property — 525
§ 3. Mercenary crimes unrelated to stealing of property — 536
§ 4. Crimes related to destruction or damage of other people’s property — 539

CHAPTER 33
CRIMES AGAINST ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES — 542

§ 1. The concept and types of crimes against economic activities — 542
§ 2. Infringement of the established order for implementation of business activity — 545
§ 3. Crimes against the financial interests of the State and other subjects of economic activities — 565
§ 4. Crimes against the interests of creditors —  587
§ 5. Crimes encroaching on the established order for foreign economic activity — 593
§ 6. Infringement of the established procedure for turnover of currency valuables —  598
§ 7. Encroachments on material and other benefits of consumers —  604

CHAPTER 34
CRIMES AGAINST THE SERVICE INTERESTS IN COMMERCIAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS — 614

§ 1. General characteristics of crimes against the service interests in commercial and other organizations — 614
§ 2. Crimes committed by persons performing administrative functions in commercial and other organizations — 615
§ 3. Crimes against the service interests of particular activities — 619

XIII TITLE
CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC SECURITY AND HEALTH OF POPULATION

CHAPTER 35
CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC SECURITY —  623

§ 1. General characteristics and types of crimes against public security — 623
§ 2. Crimes against the general security — 626
§ 3. Encroachments on public order — 646
§ 4. Infringement of special safety rules — 649
§ 5. Crimes connected with violation of the rules for handling generally dangerous objects —  659

CHAPTER 36
CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH AND MORALS — 671

§ 1. General characteristics of crimes against public health and morals — 671
§ 2. Crimes against public health attended by illicit traffic of narcotic drugs, psychotropic, virulent and poisonous substances —  674
§ 3. Other types of encroachments on public health — 689
§ 4. Crimes against morals — 696

CHAPTER 37
ECOLOGICAL CRIMES — 709

§ 1. Characteristics of ecological crimes — 709
§ 2. Ecological crimes of general nature — 711
§ 3. Crimes encroaching on the main environmental objects — 716
§ 4. Infringement of fauna and flora — 722

CHAPTER 38
TRANSPORT CRIMES —  732

§ 1. The concept and general characteristics of transport crimes — 732
§ 2. Crimes directly related to the violation of safety rules and operation of transport — 734
§ 3. Other crimes in the sphere of functioning transport — 739

CHAPTER 39
COMPUTER CRIMES — 745

§ 1. The concept of computer crimes —  745
§ 2. Characteristics of specific crimes in the sphere of computer information —  748

XIV TITLE
CRIMES AGAINST STATE POWER

CHAPTER 40
CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION —  753

§ 1. The concept of crimes against national security of the Russian Federation —  753
§ 2. Infringement of external security —  755
§ 3. Crimes encroaching on fundamentals of political system of the Russian Federation —  758
§ 4. Encroachments on economic security and defensive capacity of the Russian Federation —  762
§ 5. Infringement of public relationships providing prevention of extremist activities — 766

CHAPTER 41
CRIMES AGAINST STATE SERVICE —  771

§ 1. The concept and general characteristics of crimes against State service —  771
§ 2. Сrimes related to the abuse or excess of official authority and other allied corpora delicti —  774
§ 3. Crimes of bribery —  787

CHAPTER 42
CRIMES AGAINST JUSTICE —  794

§ 1. The concept and types of crimes against justice — 794
§ 2. Encroachment on the life, health and dignity of the persons administering justice, and employees of preliminary investigation — 796
§ 3. Infringement of the constitutional rights of citizens by law-enforcement officials — 800
§ 4. Crimes preventing the execution of duties for the implementation of justice by law-enforcement officials — 807
§ 5. Crimes encroaching on relationship on the implementation of judicial acts — 816

CHAPTER 43
CRIMES AGAINST THE PROCEDURE OF GOVERNANCE —  822

§ 1. General characteristics of crimes against the procedure of governance —  822
§ 2. Crimes encroaching on the authority of government and inviolability of the State Border of the Russian Federation — 824
§ 3. Infringement of the normal activities of governmental bodies and local authorities — 829
§ 4. Crimes against the established procedure for official documentation — 836

XV TITLE
CRIMES AGAINST MILITARY SERVICE

CHAPTER 44
CRIMES AGAINST MILITARY SERVICE — 843

§ 1. The concept and types of crimes against military service — 843
§ 2. Crimes against subordination order and statutory relationship — 846
§ 3. Infringement of the order for residence in military service — 850
§ 4. Crimes related to the violation of regulations for conducting special services and duties — 852
§ 5. Infringement of the order for using and caretaking of military property —  856
§ 6. Crimes related to the violation of rules for operating military-technical equipment — 858

XVI TITLE
CRIMES AGAINST PEACE AND HUMANITY

CHAPTER 45
CRIMES AGAINST PEACE AND HUMANITY —  861

§ 1. General characteristics of crimes against peace and humanity —  861
§ 2. Crimes encroaching on peace and peaceful co-existence of States —  863
§ 3. Сrimes encroaching on human security —  867
§ 4. War crimes —  870